What is Whole Genome Scanning?
Whole genome scanning (WGS) analyzessingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to different common multifactorial diseases and/or traits, such as hair color and eye color. SNPs are small variations in a single "letter" of DNA that can be found throughout our entire genetic make-up. WGS is not typically used in clinical practice by physicians and genetic professionals to diagnose disease or establish disease risk.
In whole genome scanning, these SNPs are analyzed using DNA microarrays (commonly called "gene chips"), which analyze thousands of SNPs at once. DNA microarrays differ in fabrication, function, accuracy, efficiency, and cost. In addition, many researchers believe that although this technology is rapidly improving, the accuracy of this particular method of testing may yield some false results and is somewhat technician dependent.
Whole Genome Scanning Testing Considerations
Here are some considerations that may be useful when considering WGS:
- Is there another type of genetic testing, such as medical genetic testing, that may be more informative and clinically useful?
- Does the provider fully disclose the accuracy of their testing methods?
- Does the provider fully disclose the scientific research on which their testing is based?
- Does the provider offer genetic counseling services to help you fully understand the benefits, limitations and consequences of genetic testing?
- Does the provider involve a physician in the process of ordering and interpreting genetic testing?
- Does the provider protect your genetic information? Do they have a privacy policy?
- Has the provider received accreditation from CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments), which establishes, ensures and promotes the highest standards of testing quality?
- Does the provider charge shipping fees, test kit fees, or membership fees?
Whole Genome Scanning Testing Providers
WGS providers have developed their own internal guidelines, policies, and standards regarding which SNPs they test for and how well researched the SNP must be before they offer testing.
- For example, while one provider will test for three SNPs linked to a particular disease, another will test for only one, and yet another, none at all. There are no official regulations or guidelines on how well researched and validated a SNP must be before testing is made available. This has led to much debate within the genetic community over the accuracy, validity and reliability of this testing, as well as criticisms of the testing providers themselves. Many physicians and genetic professionals are hoping that stronger rules, regulations, and policies will soon be established.
Whole Genome Scanning is not intended for medical purposes, but is considered informational genetic testing. Whole Genome Scanning is available online (over the internet). Go to the Tests tab to link to the best providers, compare providers and read provider reviews.
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